2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride
Choline chloride
CAS: 67-48-1
Molecular Formula: C5H14ClNO
2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Choline chloride |
| Synonyms | HOEtN1,1,1Cl Choline chloride Cholinii chloridum Choline Chloride pure Choline chloride, FCC Grade 2-Hydroxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride hydrochloride |
| CAS | 67-48-1 |
| EINECS | 200-655-4 |
| InChI | InChI=1/C5H14NO.2ClH/c1-6(2,3)4-5-7;;/h7H,4-5H2,1-3H3;2*1H/q+1;;/p-1 |
| InChIKey | SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M |
2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C5H14ClNO |
| Molar Mass | 139.62 |
| Density | 1.0238 (rough estimate) |
| Melting Point | 302-305 °C (dec.) (lit.) |
| JECFA Number | 2003 |
| Water Solubility | soluble |
| Solubility | With a salty bitter taste. Easy deliquescence. Easily soluble in water and alcohol, the aqueous solution is almost neutral, insoluble in ether, petroleum ether, benzene and carbon disulfide. |
| Appearance | Adhering Crystals |
| Color | White |
| Maximum wavelength(λmax) | ['λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.015', , 'λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.010'] |
| Merck | 14,2206 |
| BRN | 3563126 |
| PH | 5.0-7.5 (25℃, 1M in H2O) |
| Storage Condition | Sealed in dry,Room Temperature |
| Stability | Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, moisture. Store under a dry atmosphere. |
| Sensitive | Hygroscopic |
| Refractive Index | 1.5400 (estimate) |
| MDL | MFCD00011721 |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | White crystals. Melting point 240 °c. Soluble in water and alcohols, the aqueous solution is almost neutral, insoluble in ether, petroleum ether, benzene and carbon disulfide. Fish Odor, salty bitter taste, easy deliquescence, unstable in alkaline solution. |
| Use | For the treatment of fatty liver and liver cirrhosis, also used as feed additives, can stimulate the ovaries more egg, litter and livestock, fish and other weight gain |
2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride - Risk and Safety
| Hazard Symbols | Xi - Irritant |
| Risk Codes | 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. |
| Safety Description | S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. |
| WGK Germany | 1 |
| RTECS | KH2975000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 3-9 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 29212900 |
| Toxicity | LD50 in rats (g/kg): 0.400 i.p.; 6.64 orally (Hartung, Cornish) |
2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride - Upstream Downstream Industry
2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride - Reference
| Reference Show more | 1. Lin Lin, Hongmei Lu, Li Chen, et al. Microwave-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction of anthocyanins from Mulberry pomace [J]. Chinese condiment, 2020, v.45;No.495(05):194-199. 2. Sun Yue, Liu Xiaobing, Su Zhuowen, Li Zhitian, Liu Ya. Microwave-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction of flavonoids from Chickpea and its antioxidant activity [J]. Science and Technology of food industry, 2020,41(14):120-128. 3. Sun Yue, He Lianzhi, Su Zhuowen, Li Zhitian, Liu Ya. Study on extraction of Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide by ultrasonic assisted deep eutectic solvent [J]. Food Research and Development, 2021,42(02):84-91. 4. Qin, travel, Chen Xuan, Shen Wang Yang, Zhuang Kun, Lu Qingyun. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction of apigenin from celery leaves with eutectic solvent and its antioxidant activity analysis [J]. Modern food science and technology, 2021,37(03):202-211 201. 5. [IF = 6.558] Yanhua Huang et al."Magnetic graph oxide modified with choline chloride-based deep eutectinib solvent for the solid-phase extraction of protein." Anal Chim Acta. 2015 Jun;877:90 6. [IF = 6.558] Yanjin Liu et al."Magnetic deep eutectic solvents molecularly imprinted polymers for the selective recognition and separation of protein."Anal Chim Acta. 2016 Sep;936:168 7. [IF=4.411] Hui Wang et al."Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Ultrahigh Pressure Extraction of Baicalin from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi."Molecules. 2018 Dec;23(12):3233 8. [IF=4.411] Qi-Bin Cheng et al."Highly Efficient Enzymatic Preparation of Daidzein in Deep Eutectic Solvents."Molecules. 2017 Jan;22(1):186 9. [IF=3.935] Meilian Wang et al."Natural deep eutectic solvents as eco-friendly and sustainable dilution medium for the determination of residual organic solvents in pharmaceuticals with static headspace-gas chromatography."J Pharmaceut Biomed. 2018 Sep;158:262 10. [IF=7.514] Yayuan Tang et al."Comprehensive evaluation on tailor-made deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in extracting tea saponins from seed pomace of Camellia oleifera Abel."Food Chem. 2021 Apr;342:128243 11. [IF=6.165] Xiumin Liu et al."The correlation between the physicochemical properties of water-based deep eutectic solvents and catalytic activity of lipase Novozym 435."J Mol Liq. 2021 Mar;325:115200 12. [IF=6.057] Jing Chen et al."A novel“turn-off”fluorescence assay based on acid-copper nanoclusters in deep eutectic solvent micelles for co-aggregation inducing fluorescence enhancement and its application."Talanta. 2021 Feb;223:121731 13. [IF=4.35] Wei Zhang et al."Headspace Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for Volatile Components Analysis in Ipomoea Cairica (L.) Sweet Leaves: Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents as Green Extraction and Dilution Matrix."Foods. 2019 Jun;8(6):205 14. [IF=2.494] Xi feng Zhang et al."A green and highly efficient method of extracting polyphenols from Lilium davidii var. unicolor Salisb using deep eutectic solvents."Chemical Engineering Communications. 2021 Jan 04 15. [IF=2.044] Zhang Wei et al."Determination of Residual Solvents in Pharmaceuticals by Static Headspace Gas Chromatography Using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents as Mediums: A Partition Coefficients Study."Chromatographia. 2019 Oct;82(10):1523-1529 16. [IF=1.953] Qin Zhang et al."Deep eutectic solvents improve the stability of forsythoside A."J Food Safety. 2021 Aug;41(4):e12907 17. [IF=2.419] Shanshan Gao et al."Development and validation of a sensitive and reliable targeted metabolomics method for the quantification of cardiovascular disease-related biomarkers in plasma by using UPLC-MS/MS."Rapid Communications In Mass Spectrometry. 2022 Mar 18. [IF=1.902] Yongjing Liu et al."Evaluation of Green and Efficient deep eutectic solvents as media for extracting Alkaloids from Lotus Leaf."Biomedical Chromatography. 2021 Dec 06 19. [IF=6.057] Jing Chen et al."Excellent performance separation of trypsin by novel ternary magnetic composite adsorbent based on betaine-urea- glycerol natural deep eutectic solvent modified MnFe2O4-MWCNTs."TALANTA. 2022 Oct;248:123566 |
2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
The Pure product is a colorless crystalline or white crystalline powder with trimethylamine odor and alkali bitterness. Hygroscopic, soluble in water and ethanol, insoluble in benzene and chloroform. 70% of the aqueous solution of colorless to light yellow transparent viscous liquid, there is a special odor of fish. In the air oxidation, release of ammonia odor, heat decomposition. 50% powder for white or yellow-brown powder or granules, also has a special odor.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
A product obtained by the reaction of trimethylamine with ethylene oxide. Chloroethanol can also be used in a small amount of ethylene oxide or basic material catalysis, and trimethylamine reaction products.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:10:46
2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride - Introduction
Slightly fishy, unstable in alkaline
Last Update：2022-10-16 17:27:51
2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride - Use
Open Data Verified Data
choline is an important substance for animals, poultry and fish. It can regulate the metabolism and transformation of fat in animals, effectively prevent and treat fat deposition and tissue degeneration in livestock and poultry organs, enhance the body and disease resistance of livestock and poultry, and promote growth and development, improve the utilization of amino acids. Mink, pig, rabbit, cattle and other livestock feed lack of choline, will make the livestock dysplasia, rough fur and soft bones, reduce growth, weak and sick.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:10:47
2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride - Introduction
choline chloride, for hygroscopic, white crystals. Soluble in water and alcohols, the aqueous solution is almost neutral, insoluble in ether, petroleum ether, benzene and carbon disulfide. Easy deliquescence, unstable in alkaline solution. Can be used for the treatment of fatty liver and cirrhosis, also as livestock feed additives.
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride - Physical and chemical properties
physical properties
- Content: 50%, 60%
- melting point (℃):302~305 (decomposition)
- toxicity LD50(mg/kg): Rat oral 6640
- Property: hygroscopic crystal.
- White Crystal. Melting point 240 °c. Soluble in water and alcohols, the aqueous solution is almost neutral, insoluble in ether, petroleum ether, benzene and carbon disulfide. Fish Odor, salty bitter taste, easy deliquescence, unstable in alkaline solution.
chemical properties
quality indicators
(GB 10818-89)70% aqueous solution: content ≥ 70.0%; PH 6.5~8.0; Ethylene glycol ≤ 0.5%; Chloroethanol (calculated as Cl-) ≤ 0.2%; Trimethylamine is qualified; heavy metal (Pb)≤ 0.002%; Ignition residue ≤ 0.2%. 50% powder: content is greater than or equal to 50.0%; Heating reduction is less than or equal to 4.0%; Fineness (0.841mm sieve) is greater than or equal to 95.0%.
choline chloride trait
The Pure product is a colorless crystalline or white crystalline powder with trimethylamine odor and alkali bitterness. Hygroscopic, soluble in water and ethanol, insoluble in benzene and chloroform. 70% of the aqueous solution of colorless to light yellow transparent viscous liquid, there is a special odor of fish.
in the air is easy to absorb carbon dioxide, release ammonia odor, heat decomposition. 50% powder for white or yellow-brown powder or granules, also has a special odor.
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride - Preparation Method
- The trimethylamine hydrochloride and a certain amount of ethylene oxide in the preparation of choline chloride solution by the continuous method were continuously fed into the reactor by a pump, and the residence time of the reactants in the reactor was 1-1.5h. The reaction was carried out with stirring, and the product was continuously extracted to keep the liquid level in the reactor stable. The crude choline chloride product from the reactor is fed to the stripper and 60-80% of the choline chloride liquid product is obtained from the bottom of the column.
- trimethylamine hydrochloride is reacted with ethylene oxide, and then neutralized with an organic acid and concentrated to prepare choline chloride.
- chloroethanol reacts with trimethylamine to produce choline chloride.
(1) ethylene oxide method. It is derived from the reaction of trimethylamine with ethylene oxide.
The trimethylamine ethanol solution was added to the reaction pot, and ethylene oxide was introduced at about 30 ° C., and the reaction was stirred for 4H, and neutralized with hydrochloric acid (controlled to PH6.5-7.0). The yield of crude product was 98%. By activated carbon decolorization, vacuum concentration of 70% aqueous solution. 50% powder can be prepared by adding excipients such as corn core powder, rice husk powder, wheat bran or diatomite to the aqueous solution.
(2) chloroethanol method. Replacing ethylene oxide and hydrochloric acid with chloroethanol and reacting with trimethylamine under the catalysis of a small amount of ethylene oxide or basic substance:
First, 100 parts of chloroethanol was added to the reaction kettle, and 130 parts of trimethylamine was added from the liquid surface, while 1.7 parts of ethylene oxide was introduced to initiate the reaction. After the addition, the mixture was stirred at 32-38 ° C. For 4H, and the yield was 84% (based on chloroethanol). If the basic material (such as quaternary ammonium salt) Catalysis, single-pass conversion rate can reach more than 97%.
chloroethanol and trimethylamine methanol solution by heating reaction, reduced pressure concentration, recrystallization.
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride - Storage method
1, choline chloride storage temperature should not be lower than-12OC, in order to avoid blocking the pipeline after crystallization.
2, choline chloride powder storage in the silo should use dehumidification equipment to prevent product moisture absorption. The choline chloride powder will cause the product to become wet and agglomerate after moisture absorption, resulting in blockage of the catheter. Plant carrier choline chloride powder may be fermented after long-term moisture absorption.
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride - Action and use
drugs
choline (scientific name 2-hydroxyethyl-trimethylcholine hydroxide), a kind of vitamin B. Choline chloride can be used to treat fatty liver and cirrhosis.
Choline can promote fat metabolism in the liver and kidney; Choline is also the basis of the body's synthesis of acetylcholine, thus affecting the transmission of nerve signals. In addition, choline is also one of the methyl sources required for methionine synthesis in vivo.
feed additive
choline chloride can effectively prevent and treat fat deposition and tissue degeneration in livestock and poultry organs. Can promote the absorption and synthesis of amino acids. It can enhance the health and disease resistance of livestock and poultry, promote the growth and development, and improve the Laying rate of poultry. Dosage 1~2g/kg.
Also as livestock feed additives, can stimulate the ovary more egg, litter and livestock, fish and other weight gain. Natural choline is found in many foods, but its concentration is insufficient to meet the needs of the modern feed industry for the rapid growth of animals. Therefore, synthetic choline should be added to feed to meet its needs. Lack of choline can lead to fatty liver, slow growth, decreased egg production, increased death and other phenomena.
agricultural crop promoter
choline chloride is also a plant photosynthesis promoter, which has obvious effect on increasing yield. Spraying at the booting stage of wheat and rice can promote the differentiation of spikelet, multiple ear grains, and the spraying at the filling stage can speed up the filling rate, the ear grains are full, and the weight of thousand grains is increased by 2~5 grams.
can also be used for corn, sugarcane, sweet potato, potato, radish, onion, cotton, tobacco, vegetables, grapes, mango, etc, the effect is stable under the condition of ecological environment. In the early stage of expansion of the root and other underground part of the growing crops, 10~20 ml of 60% water agent per mu (6~12g of active ingredient) is used, add water 30 liters dilution (1500~3000 times), spraying 2~3 times, the expansion and yield increase effect is obvious; Ornamental plants rhododendron, euphorbia, geranium, hibiscus regulate growth; Wheat, barley, oat lodging resistance.
Last Update：2024-04-09 21:01:54
2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride - Reference Information
| FEMA | 4500 | Choline chloride (Also Includes Choline) |
| NIST chemical information | information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| Overview | choline chloride was developed by the Agricultural Technology Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan in 1964 and registered as a plant growth regulator in 1987, also became vitamin B4. Choline chloride commonly found in the market is divided into plant carrier choline chloride and silica (silica) as a carrier choline chloride. China's output is about 400,000 tons, accounting for more than 50% of the global capacity. choline chloride is not choline but a salt of choline cation (choline cation;CA +) and chloride ion (Cl-). True choline should be choline cation (CA +) and hydroxyl (OH) organic base, naturally occurring in many plants. In brief, 1.15g of choline chloride is equivalent to 1g of choline. It has been approved as a sweet potato rooting agent and a root enlargement agent in Japan and is widely used in fruit crops. In fact, choline chloride was first used in animal feed, which has the function of promoting egg production of laying hens, so it is also called egg-increasing protein. Choline supplement is the most widely used choline supplement in the feed industry. From a physiological point of view, the human body needs choline chloride (choline chloride) to maintain normal brain function, which can be used for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease; Skin care, this ingredient is mainly used as a moisturizer, sometimes given to the treatment of women before menopause, can keep the mucous membrane moist. it plays a secondary role in the cosmetics industry and is mainly used in rinse-off products, such as body wash, face wash, soap and hair loss treatment products. |
| B vitamins | choline is an essential component of the human and animal body, commonly referred to as B vitamins or vitamin B4, it is a low molecular weight organic compound necessary to maintain physiological function in animal body. It can be synthesized in animal body, but it often needs to be added in feed. It can regulate the metabolism and transformation of fat in animals, prevent fat deposition and tissue degeneration in liver and kidney, promote the re-formation of amino acids, improve the utilization rate of amino acids, and save part of methionine. choline chloride is currently the most commonly used and economically synthesized form of choline. It is a water-soluble vitamin product and is a component of acetylcholine, phosphatide and neurophosphatide in biological tissues, it can save methionine. It is an important substance required by livestock, poultry and fish. It can regulate the metabolism and transformation of fat in animals, and can prevent the deposition in the liver and its tissue denaturation as a methyl donor, can promote the formation of amino acids, improve the utilization of amino acids. It is mainly used for mixing additives into animal feed. In addition to preventing moisture absorption and deliquescence during use, it should also be noted that all feeds have been added choline chloride as the last step because it has a damaging effect on other vitamins, especially in the presence of metal elements, the destruction of vitamin A, D and K is faster, so choline should not be added to the multidimensional preparation, and the compound feed after daily use should be used as soon as possible. The results showed that choline chloride was particularly important for chicken and poultry. It is the synthesis of amino acids and lecithin delivery to the chicken body parts, can prevent fat in the liver, kidney accumulation, accelerate the growth of chicken and improve egg production rate and hatching rate. |
| properties | needle-like white crystalline powder. Fish Odor, salty bitter taste, very easy to absorb moisture, unstable in the alkali solution. |
| mechanism of action | choline chloride (CC) and chlormequat (CCC) belong to the homolog, but there are many differences. Chlormequat is not easily metabolized by plants in plants, but choline chloride can be quickly used by plants in plants. Choline chloride is absorbed by the stems, leaves and roots of plants in the process of plant growth, and then quickly conducted to the active parts, which can promote the photosynthesis of leaves and inhibit the photorespiration of C3 plants, to promote root development, photosynthetic products can be transported as much as possible to the underground tubers, tubers, thereby significantly increasing the yield of tubers, tubers, improve quality. It can improve a variety of physiological activities of plants. It can improve the germination rate of crop seeds, promote rooting, form strong seedlings, increase yield and improve the quality of crops. It can increase the composition and proportion of Phosphatidylcholine in the plasma membrane, thus affecting the structure and stability of the membrane, reducing Ion Leakage, adding various anti-lipid oxidation substances and oxygen free radicals harmful to plant cells, superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical scavengers play an important role in plant resistance to low temperature, weak light, drought and other stress. |
| Use | choline chloride may be used as a nutritional additive. Choline chloride is a plant photosynthesis promoter, has a significant effect on increasing yield, can be used for corn, sugarcane, sweet potato, potato, radish, onion, cotton, tobacco, vegetables, grapes, mango and other increased yield. For the treatment of fatty liver and cirrhosis. Also as a livestock feed additive, can stimulate the ovary more egg, litter and livestock, fish and other weight gain choline chloride is choline hydrochloride, is a kind of efficient nutritional supplements and fat agent. It can promote the metabolism of fat, prevent the accumulation of fat in the liver. As a vitamin product, it is widely used in medicine, health care products and food nutrition. As a food additive, choline chloride with its high content of choline (85%) and its low price has been the favor of the majority of domestic users. tissue culture medium, feed additives, clinical anti-fatty liver agent. for the treatment of fatty liver and liver cirrhosis, also used as feed additives, can stimulate the ovaries more egg, litter and livestock, fish weight gain choline chloride can effectively prevent and treat fat deposition and tissue degeneration in livestock and poultry organs. Can promote the absorption and synthesis of amino acids. It can enhance the health and disease resistance of livestock and poultry, promote the growth and development, and improve the Laying rate of poultry. Dosage 1-2g/kg. It is a highly effective nutritional supplement and fat-removing agent as a feed additive, choline chloride has the following physiological effects: it can prevent liver, fat accumulation in the kidney and its tissue degeneration; Can promote the recombination of amino acids; Can improve the utilization of amino acids, especially the essential amino acid methionine in the body. In Japan, 98% of choline chloride used as chicken, pig, beef and fish and shrimp and other animal feed additives. Most of them are processed into powder. The preparation method of 50% powder is obtained by adding the excipient of appropriate particle size in the mixer in advance, and then adding the aqueous solution of choline chloride Dropwise, mixing and drying. Some commodity powder also with vitamins, minerals, drugs, etc. Choline chloride is a vitamin B drug, used for hepatitis, liver function degradation, early cirrhosis, pernicious anemia and other diseases. |
| safety/side effects | choline chloride is low toxic, easy to be decomposed by microorganisms in soil, without environmental pollution, it has a wide range of development and application value. Rat acute oral LD50 was 2692 mg/kg, mouse LD50 was 4169 mg/kg (male),3548 mg/kg (female). The FDA lists it as a generally recognized safe (GRAS) food additive, and in the United States, the appropriate daily intake is 550 mg for men and 425 mg for women. Many countries, such as Canada and the Philippines, do not allow it to be used in cosmetics, even with limited amounts, so it is not widely used in personal care products. The EU Cosmetics Directive includes it in the list of prohibited substances in Cosmetics. A number of studies have been conducted on the potential toxicity and skin irritation of this ingredient. Clinical trials in rats showed oral acute toxicity, but human oral choline chloride was not found to be toxic. Other animal experiments have also shown that the composition has adverse effects on the cardiovascular system, endocrine system, respiratory system, brain/nervous system. Although slight irritation to the skin and eyes was observed in animal experiments, the use of this ingredient in rinse-off products did not cause irritation to human skin. Many scientists of the European Union's Scientific Committee on cosmetics and non-food products (SCCNFP) consider the maximum concentration of choline chloride in rinse-off products to be a safe cosmetic ingredient if it does not exceed 5%. |
| content analysis | accurately weigh a sample of about 300mg into a ML Erlenmeyer flask and add 50ml of glacial acetic acid, heat on a steam bath until complete dissolution. After cooling, 10ml of Mercury acetate test solution (TS-137) and 2 drops of gentian violet reagent were added and titrated with 0.1mol/L perchloric acid glacial acetic acid solution to the green end point. At the same time, the blank test was carried out and the necessary correction was made. Perchloric acid corresponds to 13.96 mg choline chloride (C5 H14ClNO) per mL of 0.1mol/L. |
| toxicity | ADI is not restrictive (FAO/WHO,2001). GRAS(FDA,§ 182.5252,§ 182.8252,2000). LD509000mg/kg (rat, oral). |
| usage limit | GMP is limited (FDA § 182.5252. 2000). |
| production method | (1) the trimethylamine hydrochloride of choline chloride solution prepared by continuous method and a certain amount of ethylene oxide are continuously fed into the reactor by pump respectively, and the residence time of the reactants in the reactor is 1-1.5h. The reaction was carried out with stirring, and the product was continuously extracted to keep the liquid level in the reactor stable. The crude choline chloride product from the reactor is fed to the stripper and 60-80% of the choline chloride liquid product is obtained from the bottom of the column. (2) trimethylamine hydrochloride is reacted with ethylene oxide, and then neutralized with an organic acid and concentrated to prepare choline chloride. (3) chloroethanol and trimethylamine reaction of choline chloride. (1) ethylene oxide method. It is derived from the reaction of trimethylamine with ethylene oxide. The trimethylamine ethanol solution was added to the reaction pot, and ethylene oxide was introduced at about 30 ° C., and the reaction was stirred for 4H, and neutralized with hydrochloric acid (controlled to PH6.5-7.0). The yield of crude product was 98%. By activated carbon decolorization, vacuum concentration of 70% aqueous solution. 50% powder can be prepared by adding excipients such as corn core powder, rice husk powder, wheat bran or diatomite to the aqueous solution. (2) chloroethanol method. Using chloroethanol instead of ethylene oxide and hydrochloric acid, in a small amount of ethylene oxide or basic material under the catalysis of the reaction with trimethylamine: First 100 parts of chloroethanol into the reaction kettle, 130 parts of trimethylamine was added from below the liquid surface while 1.7 parts of ethylene oxide was introduced to initiate the reaction. After the addition, the mixture was stirred at 32-38 ° C. For 4H, and the yield was 84% (based on chloroethanol). If the basic material (such as quaternary ammonium salt) Catalysis, single-pass conversion rate can reach more than 97%. chloroethanol and trimethylamine methanol solution were prepared by heating reaction, concentration under reduced pressure and recrystallization. |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-09 02:00:10
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Raw Materials for 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride